Compare Korea, North (2004) - Monaco (2002)

Compare Korea, North (2004) z Monaco (2002)

	Korea, North (2004)	Monaco (2002)

Administrative divisions	9 provinces (do, singular and plural) and 4 municipalities (si, singular and plural) provinces: Chagang-do (Chagang), Hamgyong-bukto (North Hamgyong), Hamgyong-namdo (South Hamgyong), Hwanghae-bukto (North Hwanghae), Hwanghae-namdo (South Hwanghae), Kangwon-do (Kangwon), P'yongan-bukto (North P'yongan), P'yongan-namdo (South P'yongan), Yanggang-do (Yanggang) municipalites: Kaesong-si (Kaesong), Najin Sonbong-si (Najin), Namp'o-si (Namp'o), P'yongyang-si (Pyongyang)	none; there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are four quarters (quartiers, singular - quartier); Fontvieille, La Condamine, Monaco-Ville, Monte-Carlo
Age structure	0-14 years: 24.6% (male 2,836,991; female 2,755,127) 15-64 years: 67.8% (male 7,575,590; female 7,812,878) 65 years and over: 7.6% (male 583,463; female 1,133,504) (2004 est.)	0-14 years: 15.5% (male 2,545; female 2,418) 15-64 years: 62.1% (male 9,762; female 10,093) 65 years and over: 22.4% (male 2,922; female 4,247) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products	rice, corn, potatoes, soybeans, pulses; cattle, pigs, pork, eggs	none
Airports	78 (2003 est.)	none; linked to airport in Nice, France, by helicopter service (2001)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 35 over 3,047 m: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 23 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 3 (2003 est.)	-
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 43 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 20 914 to 1,523 m: 14 under 914 m: 8 (2003 est.)	-
Area	total: 120,540 sq km land: 120,410 sq km water: 130 sq km	total: 1.95 sq km land: 1.95 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than Mississippi	about three times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Background	An independent kingdom under Chinese suzerainty for most of the past millennium, Korea was occupied by Japan in 1905 following the Russo-Japanese War; five years later, Japan formally annexed the entire peninsula. Following World War II, Korea was split, with the northern half coming under Soviet-sponsored Communist domination. After failing in the Korean War (1950-53) to conquer the US-backed republic in the southern portion by force, North Korea under its founder President KIM Il Sung adopted a policy of ostensible diplomatic and economic "self-reliance" as a check against excessive Soviet or Communist Chinese influence and molded political, economic, and military policies around the core ideological objective of eventual unification of Korea under Pyongyang's control. KIM's son, the current ruler KIM Jong Il, was officially designated as KIM's future successor in 1980 and assumed a growing political and managerial role until his father's death in 1994, when he assumed full power without opposition. After decades of economic mismanagement and resource misallocation, the North since the mid-1990s has relied heavily on international food aid to feed its population while continuing to expend resources to maintain an army of about 1 million. North Korea's long-range missile development and research into nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons and massive conventional armed forces are of major concern to the international community. In December 2002, following revelations it was pursuing a nuclear weapons program based on enriched uranium in violation of a 1994 agreement with the United States to freeze and ultimately dismantle its existing plutonium-based program, North Korea expelled monitors from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), and in January 2003 declared its withdrawal from the international Non-Proliferation Treaty. In mid-2003 Pyongyang announced it had completed the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel rods (to extract weapons-grade plutonium) and was developing a "nuclear deterrent." Since August 2003 North Korea has participated in six-party talks with the United States, China, South Korea, Japan, and Russia to resolve the stalemate over its nuclear programs.	Economic development was spurred in the late 19th century with a railroad linkup to France and the opening of a casino. Since then, the principality's mild climate, splendid scenery, and gambling facilities have made Monaco world famous as a tourist and recreation center.
Birth rate	16.77 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)	9.6 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget	revenues: NA expenditures: NA, including capital expenditures of NA	revenues: $518 million expenditures: $531 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1995)
Capital	Pyongyang	Monaco
Climate	temperate with rainfall concentrated in summer	Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers
Coastline	2,495 km	4.1 km
Constitution	adopted 1948, completely revised 27 December 1972, revised again in April 1992 and September 1998	17 December 1962
Country name	conventional long form: Democratic People's Republic of Korea conventional short form: North Korea local long form: Choson-minjujuui-inmin-konghwaguk local short form: none note: the North Koreans generally use the term "Choson" to refer to their country abbreviation: DPRK	conventional long form: Principality of Monaco conventional short form: Monaco local long form: Principaute de Monaco local short form: Monaco
Currency	North Korean won (KPW)	euro (EUR); French franc (FRF)
Death rate	6.99 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)	12.91 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external	$12 billion (1996 est.)	$NA
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (Swedish Embassy in Pyongyang represents the US as consular protecting power)	the US does not have an embassy in Monaco; the US Consul General in Marseille (France) is accredited to Monaco
Diplomatic representation in the US	none; North Korea has a Permanent Mission to the UN in New York	Monaco does not have an embassy in the US consulate(s) general: New York
Disputes - international	with China, certain islands in Yalu and Tumen rivers are in uncontested dispute; a section of boundary around Paektu-san (mountain) is indefinite; China has been attempting to stop mass illegal migration of North Koreans escaping famine, economic privation, and oppression into northern China; Military Demarcation Line within the 4-km wide Demilitarized Zone has separated North from South Korea since 1953; periodic maritime disputes with South Korea	none
Economic aid - recipient	$NA; note - over $133 million in food aid through the World Food Program in 2003 plus additional aid from bilateral donors and non-governmental organizations	$NA
Economy - overview	North Korea, one of the world's most centrally planned and isolated economies, faces desperate economic conditions. Industrial capital stock is nearly beyond repair as a result of years of underinvestment and spare parts shortages. Industrial and power output have declined in parallel. The nation has suffered its tenth year of food shortages because of a lack of arable land, collective farming, weather-related problems, and chronic shortages of fertilizer and fuel. Massive international food aid deliveries have allowed the regime to escape mass starvation since 1995-96, but the population remains the victim of prolonged malnutrition and deteriorating living conditions. Large-scale military spending eats up resources needed for investment and civilian consumption. In 2003, heightened political tensions with key donor countries and general donor fatigue threatened the flow of desperately needed food aid and fuel aid as well. Black market prices continued to rise following the increase in official prices and wages in the summer of 2002, leaving some vulnerable groups, such as the elderly and unemployed, less able to buy goods. The regime, however, relaxed restrictions on farmers' market activities in spring 2003, leading to an expansion of market activity.	Monaco, situated on the French Mediterranean coast, is a popular resort, attracting tourists to its casino and pleasant climate. In 2001, a major new construction project will extend the pier used by cruise ships in the main harbor. The Principality has successfully sought to diversify into services and small, high-value-added, nonpolluting industries. The state has no income tax and low business taxes and thrives as a tax haven both for individuals who have established residence and for foreign companies that have set up businesses and offices. The state retains monopolies in a number of sectors, including tobacco, the telephone network, and the postal service. Living standards are high, roughly comparable to those in prosperous French metropolitan areas. Monaco does not publish national income figures; the estimates below are extremely rough.
Electricity - consumption	27.91 billion kWh (2001)	NA kWh
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2001)	-
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2001)	NA kWh note: electricity supplied by France (1999)
Electricity - production	30.01 billion kWh (2001)	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Sea of Japan 0 m highest point: Paektu-san 2,744 m	lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m highest point: Mont Agel 140 m
Environment - current issues	water pollution; inadequate supplies of potable water; water-borne disease; deforestation; soil erosion and degradation	NA
Environment - international agreements	party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Environmental Modification, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea	party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Ethnic groups	racially homogeneous; there is a small Chinese community and a few ethnic Japanese	French 47%, Monegasque 16%, Italian 16%, other 21%
Exchange rates	official: North Korean won per US dollar - 150 (December 2002), 2.15 (December 2001), 2.15 (May 1994), 2.13 (May 1992), 2.14 (September 1991), 2.1 (January 1990); market: North Korean won per US dollar - 300-600 (December 2002), 200 (December 2001)	euros per US dollar - 1.1324 (January 2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); French francs per US dollar - 5.8995 (1998), 5.8367 (1997)
Executive branch	chief of state: KIM Jong Il (since July 1994); note - on 3 September 2003, rubberstamp Supreme People's Assembly (SPA) reelected KIM Jong Il Chairman of the National Defense Commission, a position accorded nation's "highest administrative authority"; SPA reelected KIM Yong Nam President of its Presidium also with responsibility of representing state and receiving diplomatic credentials; SPA appointed PAK Pong Ju Premier head of government: Premier PAK Pong Ju (since 3 September 2003); Vice Premiers KWAK Pom Gi (since 5 September 1998), JON Sung Hun (since 3 September 2003), RO Tu Chol (since 3 September 2003) cabinet: Cabinet (Naegak), members, except for the Minister of People's Armed Forces, are appointed by the SPA elections: election last held in September 2003 (next to be held in September 2008) election results: KIM Jong Il and KIM Yong Nam were only nominees for positions and ran unopposed	chief of state: Prince RAINIER III (since 9 May 1949); Heir Apparent Prince ALBERT Alexandre Louis Pierre, son of the monarch (born 14 March 1958) head of government: Minister of State Patrick LECLERCQ (since 5 January 2000) cabinet: Council of Government is under the authority of the monarch elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; minister of state appointed by the monarch from a list of three French national candidates presented by the French Government
Exports	NA (2001)	$NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France
Exports - commodities	minerals, metallurgical products, manufactures (including armaments); textiles and fishery products	-
Exports - partners	South Korea 28.5%, China 28.4%, Japan 24.7% (2002)	-
Fiscal year	calendar year	calendar year
Flag description	three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (triple width), and blue; the red band is edged in white; on the hoist side of the red band is a white disk with a red five-pointed star	two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to the flag of Indonesia which is longer and the flag of Poland which is white (top) and red
GDP	purchasing power parity - $29.58 billion (2003 est.)	purchasing power parity - $870 million (1999 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 30.2% industry: 33.8% services: 36% (2002 est.)	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $1,300 (2003 est.)	purchasing power parity - $27,000 (1999 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	1% (2003 est.)	NA%
Geographic coordinates	40 00 N, 127 00 E	43 44 N, 7 24 E
Geography - note	strategic location bordering China, South Korea, and Russia; mountainous interior is isolated and sparsely populated	second smallest independent state in the world (after Holy See); almost entirely urban
Heliports	19 (2003 est.)	1 (shuttle service between the international airport at Nice, France, and Monaco's heliport at Fontvieille) (2002)
Highways	total: 31,200 km paved: 1,997 km unpaved: 29,203 km (1999 est.)	total: 50 km paved: 50 km unpaved: 0 km (2001)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs	for years, from the 1970's into the 2000's, citizens of the Democratic People's Republic of (North) Korea (DPRK), many of them diplomatic employees of the government, were apprehended abroad while trafficking in narcotics, including two in Turkey in December 2004; in recent years, police investigations in Taiwan and Japan have linked North Korea to large illicit shipments of heroin and methamphetamine, including an attempt by the North Korean merchant ship Pong Su to deliver 150 kg of heroin to Australia in April 2003; all indications point to North Korea emerging as an important regional source of illicit drugs targeting markets in Japan, Taiwan, the Russian Far East, and China	-
Imports	NA (2001)	$NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France
Imports - commodities	petroleum, coking coal, machinery and equipment; textiles, grain	-
Imports - partners	China 39.7%, Thailand 14.6%, Japan 11.2%, Germany 7.6%, South Korea 6.2% (2002)	-
Independence	15 August 1945 (from Japan)	1419 (beginning of the rule by the House of Grimaldi)
Industrial production growth rate	NA	NA%
Industries	military products; machine building, electric power, chemicals; mining (coal, iron ore, magnesite, graphite, copper, zinc, lead, and precious metals), metallurgy; textiles, food processing; tourism	tourism, construction, small-scale industrial and consumer products
Infant mortality rate	total: 24.84 deaths/1,000 live births male: 26.59 deaths/1,000 live births female: 23 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)	5.73 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	NA (2003 est.)	NA%
International organization participation	ARF, FAO, G-77, ICAO, ICRM, IFAD, IFRCS, IHO, IMO, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO	ACCT, ECE, FAO, IAEA, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IFRCS, IHO, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	-	2 (2000)
Irrigated land	14,600 sq km (1998 est.)	NA sq km
Judicial branch	Central Court (judges are elected by the Supreme People's Assembly)	Supreme Court or Tribunal Supreme (judges appointed by the monarch on the basis of nominations by the National Council)
Labor force	9.6 million	30,540 (January 1994)
Labor force - by occupation	agricultural 36%, nonagricultural 64%	-
Land boundaries	total: 1,673 km border countries: China 1,416 km, South Korea 238 km, Russia 19 km	total: 4.4 km border countries: France 4.4 km
Land use	arable land: 20.76% permanent crops: 2.49% other: 76.75% (2001)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (urban area) (1998 est.)
Languages	Korean	French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque
Legal system	based on German civil law system with Japanese influences and Communist legal theory; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction	based on French law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch	unicameral Supreme People's Assembly or Ch'oego Inmin Hoeui (687 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 3 August 2003 (next to be held in August 2008) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; the KWP approves a list of candidates who are elected without opposition; some seats are held by minor parties	unicameral National Council or Conseil National (24 seats; 16 members elected by list majority system, 8 by proportional representation; to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 9 February 2003 (next to be held NA February 2008) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UNAM 21, UND 3
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 71.08 years male: 68.38 years female: 73.92 years (2004 est.)	total population: 79.12 years male: 75.21 years female: 83.25 years (2002 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99% male: 99% female: 99%	definition: NA total population: 99% male: NA% female: NA%
Location	Eastern Asia, northern half of the Korean Peninsula bordering the Korea Bay and the Sea of Japan, between China and South Korea	Western Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea on the southern coast of France, near the border with Italy
Map references	Asia	Europe
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm note: military boundary line 50 nm in the Sea of Japan and the exclusive economic zone limit in the Yellow Sea where all foreign vessels and aircraft without permission are banned	territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	total: 203 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 921,577 GRT/1,339,929 DWT by type: bulk 6, cargo 166, combination bulk 2, container 3, liquefied gas 1, livestock carrier 3, multi-functional large load carrier 1, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 11, refrigerated cargo 6, roll on/roll off 2, short-sea/passenger 1 foreign-owned: Albania 1, Belize 1, Bolivia 1, Cambodia 3, Cyprus 1, Egypt 3, Germany 1, Greece 4, Italy 1, Lebanon 2, Marshall Islands 1, Pakistan 1, Portugal 1, Romania 8, Saint Kitts and Nevis 1, Syria 9, Tanzania 1, Tunisia 1, Turkey 5, Ukraine 2, United States 3 registered in other countries: 4 (2004 est.)	none (2002 est.)
Military - note	-	defense is the responsibility of France
Military branches	Korean People's Army (includes Army, Navy, Air Force), Civil Security Forces	-
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$5,217.4 million (FY02)	-
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	22.9% (2003)	-
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 6,181,038 (2004 est.)	-
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 3,694,855 (2004 est.)	-
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	males: 189,014 (2004 est.)	-
National holiday	Founding of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), 9 September (1948)	National Day (Prince of Monaco Holiday), 19 November
Nationality	noun: Korean(s) adjective: Korean	noun: Monegasque(s) or Monacan(s) adjective: Monegasque or Monacan
Natural hazards	late spring droughts often followed by severe flooding; occasional typhoons during the early fall	NA
Natural resources	coal, lead, tungsten, zinc, graphite, magnesite, iron ore, copper, gold, pyrites, salt, fluorspar, hydropower	none
Net migration rate	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)	7.82 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Pipelines	oil 154 km (2004)	-
Political parties and leaders	major party - Korean Workers' Party or KWP [KIM Jong Il, general secretary]; minor parties - Chondoist Chongu Party [RYU Mi Yong, chairwoman] (under KWP control); Social Democratic Party [KIM Yong Dae, chairman] (under KWP control)	Campora List [Anne-Maria CAMPORA]; Medecin List [Jean-Louis MEDECIN]; National and Democratic Union or UND [Jean-Louis CAMPORA]; National Union for the Future of Monaco or UNAM [leader NA]; Rally for the Monegasque Family or RFM [leader NA]
Political pressure groups and leaders	none	NA
Population	22,697,553 (July 2004 est.)	31,987 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA	NA%
Population growth rate	0.98% (2004 est.)	0.45% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors	Ch'ongjin, Haeju, Hungnam (Hamhung), Kimch'aek, Kosong, Najin, Namp'o, Sinuiju, Songnim, Sonbong (formerly Unggi), Ungsang, Wonsan	Monaco
Radio broadcast stations	AM 16, FM 14, shortwave 12 (1999)	AM 1, FM NA, shortwave 8 (1998)
Radios	-	34,000 (1997)
Railways	total: 5,214 km standard gauge: 5,214 km 1.435-m gauge (3,500 km electrified) (2003)	total: 1.7 km standard gauge: 1.7 km 1.435-m gauge (2002)
Religions	traditionally Buddhist and Confucianist, some Christian and syncretic Chondogyo (Religion of the Heavenly Way) note: autonomous religious activities now almost nonexistent; government-sponsored religious groups exist to provide illusion of religious freedom	Roman Catholic 90%
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.52 male(s)/female total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2004 est.)	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage	17 years of age; universal	21 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: country code - 850; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and 1 Russian (Indian Ocean region); other international connections through Moscow and Beijing	general assessment: modern automatic telephone system domestic: NA international: no satellite earth stations; connected by cable into the French communications system
Telephones - main lines in use	1.1 million (2001)	31,027 (1995)
Telephones - mobile cellular	NA	NA
Television broadcast stations	38 (1999)	5 (1998)
Terrain	mostly hills and mountains separated by deep, narrow valleys; coastal plains wide in west, discontinuous in east	hilly, rugged, rocky
Total fertility rate	2.2 children born/woman (2004 est.)	1.76 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate	NA (2003)	3.1% (1998)
Waterways	2,250 km note: most navigable only by small craft (2004)	none

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